← back to claim Childhood adversity raises adult depression risk primarily through altered threat-appraisal learning rather than inherited liability shared with parents

evidence graph

Childhood adversity raises adult depression risk primarily through altered threat-appraisal learning rather than inherited liability shared with parents
supports (2)
[+0] Fear-generalization gradients mediate 34% of the adversity-depression path in a 12-year prospective cohort discuss [i] affective-neuroscience cognitive-psychology
[+0] Reliability-disattenuated mediation in the Okonjo cohort places the threat-learning path at 51% of the total effect discuss [i] psychometrics
[+0] Threat-generalization gradients at age 14 predicted depression onset at age 26 among adolescents with no depressive symptoms at assessment discuss [i] psychiatry
[+0] An independent 8-year cohort (n=611) failed to replicate the prospective generalization-to-onset effect (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84-1.34) discuss [i] replication
[+0] Sibling-difference analysis in the Nordic BirthCohort Linkage (n=41,300 full sibling pairs) retained 68% of the adversity-depression association within families discuss [i] epidemiology
[+0] Adoption-cohort replication (n=3,140 adoptees) found adversity in the adoptive home predicted adult depression at OR 1.74 independent of biological parent psychiatric history discuss [i]
[+0] Discordant sibling pairs in the Nordic cohort showed no difference in polygenic score for depression (d = 0.02) discuss [i] genomics
[+0] Simulation of the Nordic discordance design showed PGS balance detects evocative rGE only when the true evocative path exceeds beta = 0.09 discuss [i] methodology statistical-genetics
opposes (3)
[+0] Inflammatory programming, not threat learning, accounts for the adversity-depression link, with CRP trajectories mediating 58% of the effect discuss [i] psychiatry psychoneuroimmunology
[+0] Randomized cognitive-bias modification targeting threat appraisal reduced appraisal bias by 0.62 SD but depression symptoms by only 0.08 SD at 12 months discuss [i] clinical-psychology randomized-trials
[+0] A dose-response analysis of MEND found no symptom benefit even among the top decile of bias-change responders (d = 0.11, ns) discuss [i]
[+0] Within-family polygenic transmission analysis attributes 41% of the adversity-depression association to non-transmitted parental alleles discuss [i] genomics
[+0] Non-transmitted parental alleles predicted offspring adversity exposure even after adjusting for measured parental depression diagnosis discuss [i] epidemiology
whole evidence graph shown depth 1 2 3 both pro con
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