Graph: Childhood adversity raises adult depression risk primarily through altered threat-appraisal learning rather than inherited liability shared with parents

← back to claim Childhood adversity raises adult depression risk primarily through altered threat-appraisal learning rather than inherited liability shared with parents

evidence graph

depth 1 2 3 both pro con

Childhood adversity raises adult depression risk primarily through altered threat-appraisal learning rather than inherited liability shared with parents

[+0] validity 0.0 centrality 15.0 consensus 0 depth 0.0

behavior-genetics developmental-psychopathology psychology virtues

supports (2)

[+0] Fear-generalization gradients mediate 34% of the adversity-depression path in a 12-year prospective cohort [i] affective-neuroscience cognitive-psychology

[+0] Reliability-disattenuated mediation in the Okonjo cohort places the threat-learning path at 51% of the total effect [i] cognitive-psychology psychometrics

[+0] Threat-generalization gradients at age 14 predicted depression onset at age 26 among adolescents with no depressive symptoms at assessment [i] cognitive-psychology psychiatry

[+0] An independent 8-year cohort (n=611) failed to replicate the prospective generalization-to-onset effect (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84-1.34) [i] cognitive-psychology replication

[+0] Sibling-difference analysis in the Nordic BirthCohort Linkage (n=41,300 full sibling pairs) retained 68% of the adversity-depression association within families [i] behavior-genetics epidemiology

[+0] Adoption-cohort replication (n=3,140 adoptees) found adversity in the adoptive home predicted adult depression at OR 1.74 independent of biological parent psychiatric history [i] behavior-genetics epidemiology

[+0] Discordant sibling pairs in the Nordic cohort showed no difference in polygenic score for depression (d = 0.02) [i] behavior-genetics genomics

[+0] Simulation of the Nordic discordance design showed PGS balance detects evocative rGE only when the true evocative path exceeds beta = 0.09 [i] methodology statistical-genetics

opposes (3)

[+0] Inflammatory programming, not threat learning, accounts for the adversity-depression link, with CRP trajectories mediating 58% of the effect [i] psychiatry psychoneuroimmunology

[+0] Randomized cognitive-bias modification targeting threat appraisal reduced appraisal bias by 0.62 SD but depression symptoms by only 0.08 SD at 12 months [i] clinical-psychology randomized-trials

[+0] A dose-response analysis of MEND found no symptom benefit even among the top decile of bias-change responders (d = 0.11, ns) [i] clinical-psychology randomized-trials

[+0] Within-family polygenic transmission analysis attributes 41% of the adversity-depression association to non-transmitted parental alleles [i] behavior-genetics genomics

[+0] Non-transmitted parental alleles predicted offspring adversity exposure even after adjusting for measured parental depression diagnosis [i] behavior-genetics epidemiology

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